What is Reverse Osmosis?Reverse osmosis (R/O) is a water treatment
process in which water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane
that has very small holes or "pores". Clean water passes through
and impurities that are too big to pass through the membrane are
left behind and flushed away.Do I Need a Reverse Osmosis Unit?It is
presumed in this document that the water you are using meets all
health regulations and is known to be safe. If your municipality or
utility supplies your drinking water, it is likely that you do not
need a reverse osmosis unit. Municipally supplied drinking water is
microbiologically safe. It is treated to meet health and aesthetic
requirements, and is subject to routine testing for microbiological
contamination.If you obtain drinking water from a private supply
such as well, it may not be safe from microbiological, chemical, or
other types of contamination. Drinking water from private sources
should be tested periodically to determine if treatment is
required; and, if so, for what specific contaminants or
minerals.Water chemistry is complex and no single water treatment
device can be used to remove all types of substances from water.
Different drinking water treatment devices have their own
advantages and disadvantages. Each household must individually
determine if there is a need for additional water treatment. If
this is the case, determine the unit or combination of units best
suited for your water needs.How Does Reverse Osmosis Work?Reverse
osmosis systems purify water by forcing pressurized water through a
very fine, plastic membrane. If the raw water being treated comes
from a well or another private source, disinfection and pre-filters
(to remove chlorine and/or particulates/sediment) may be needed in
advance of the R/O unit to remove contaminants that can foul or
damage the membrane.Stages of reverse osmosis:1.During the initial
filtration stage, tap water or well water (pressurized by a booster
pump) is passed through a particle filter (a pre-filter) that
removes silt, sediment, sand, and clay particles that might clog
the R/O membrane.2.The water is then forced through an activated
carbon filter that traps minerals and contaminants such as
chromium, mercury, copper, chloramine and pesticides. It also
removes chlorine, which is important, as chlorine will shorten the
life of the membrane.3.Water is transferred under pressure into the
R/O module, allowing only clean water to pass through the small
pores in the membrane. Impurities unable to pass through the
membrane are left behind and flushed down the drain.4.Treated water
is then sent to a storage tank.5.Treated water is passed through an
activated carbon filter before use to further improve the water's
taste and smell.Water that contains manganese, hydrogen sulphide or
iron should be pre-treated to extend the life of the membrane. A
dealer can recommend the pre-treatment needed.Note: Reverse Osmosis
units produce no noise other than the sound of water discharging
into the drain (usually a sink or a floor drain).How Do I Know What
Size Unit to Buy?R/O units are rated according to the amount of
treated water produced per day. For example, one type of unit
produces 50 litres of treated water per day under its design
conditions. Such a unit is generally rated with 60 psi water line
pressure, a water temperature of 25° C (77° F), normal dissolved
solids and 2 atmospheres of pressure. In reality, conditions
frequently vary. Line pressure is often lower, water will
frequently be colder than 25° C and backpressure in the storage
tank will likely reduce the performance of the unit. Consequently,
you should examine water conditions and buy a larger rated unit
than needed if any of the above problems are noted.Pitures:/* March
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